Colposcopy

A colposcopy is usually recommended when a smear test needs further investigation. Abnormal smear results can be worrying – it’s understandable that you may wish to see a gynaecologist as soon as possible. The good news is, a colposcopy is straightforward procedure that can enable any abnormal cells to be treated safely and quickly.

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What is a colposcopy?

A colposcopy is a more detailed way of studying the cervical area. It uses a specialist high-powered microscope (a colposcope) to check for any cell changes. This allows a magnified view of the cervix, vagina and vulva. The procedure may also allow immediate treatment.

Why do I need a colposcopy?

When you have an abnormal smear test, it’s essential to investigate at speed so any cell changes within the cervix (the neck of the womb) are detected and checked for signs of becoming cancerous.

A colposcopy may also recommended when there are concerns about the appearance of the cervix on examination, or you are experiences symptoms such as bleeding after intercourse or bleeding between periods.The colposcopy procedure enables doctors to discover and treat the signs of cervical cancer at the earliest opportunity.

What happens during a colposcopy?

Before the colposcopy, the doctor will ensure a detailed medical history is taken, and you can discuss any questions you may have. The procedure is very similar to a smear test. The speculum is inserted into the vagina. Then, using a special liquid (A diluted solution of 5% acetic acid) to highlight any abnormalities, the gynaecologist uses a light to examine the cervix. The examination will show if there are abnormal cells present, and to what extent. A biopsy may be taken of any abnormal areas for the laboratory to test. The colposcopy doesn’t normally hurt but there may be a brief moment of discomfort. You will have a nurse looking after you throughout the procedure.

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The speculum is inserted into the vagina.

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Using a special liquid any abnormalities are highlighted, the gynaecologist uses a light to examine the cervix.

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The examination will show if there are abnormal cells present, and to what extent.

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A biopsy may be taken of any abnormal areas for the laboratory to test.

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What happens if abnormal cells are detected?

In some cases, the gynaecologist will be able to give you treatment for abnormal cell changes during the same investigative appointment. This is done using a system called LLETZ (large loop excision of the transformation zone). This is the most common treatment for cervical cell changes. It uses an electrical current to remove the affected area of the cervix – there should be no discomfort, as a local anaesthetic will be administered beforehand. It takes just a few minutes. A biopsy may be taken for checking and further analysis by the laboratory.

What if I need further treatment?

Some patients may require a further procedure, for instance, laser treatment to treat the abnormal cells, however, 4 out of 10 women will not require any more treatment. Your gynaecologist will explain their findings and what the next step should be. Where abnormal cells are found, these are graded according to their severity. Mild abnormal cell changes (known as CIN 1) often return to normal without treatment. Moderate (CIN 2) or severe (CIN 3) abnormal cell changes don’t indicate cancer, but there’s a higher risk they may become cancerous if treatment isn’t carried out.

Can I have a colposcopy during my period?

It is recommended you avoid booking your colposcopy during your period. Mid-cycle – a fortnight from your last monthly period – is the optimum time.

What happens after a colposcopy?

It is recommended you avoid booking your colposcopy during your period. Mid-cycle – a fortnight from your last monthly period – is the optimum time.